事件触发的模型预测控制（EMPC）是一种流行的最佳控制方法，旨在减轻MPC的计算和/或通信负担。但是，通常需要先验了解闭环系统行为以及设计事件触发策略的通信特征。本文试图通过提出有效的EMPC框架来解决这一挑战，并在随后的自动驾驶汽车路径上成功实施了该框架。首先，使用无模型的加固学习（RL）代理用于学习最佳的事件触发策略，而无需在此框架中具有完整的动态系统和通信知识。此外，还采用了包括优先经验重播（PER）缓冲区和长期术语记忆（LSTM）的技术来促进探索和提高训练效率。在本文中，我们使用提出的三种深度RL算法的拟议框架，即双Q学习（DDQN），近端策略优化（PPO）和软参与者 - 批评（SAC），以解决此问题。实验结果表明，所有三个基于RL的EMPC（DEEP-RL-EMPC）都比在自动途径下的常规阈值和以前的基于线性Q的方法获得更好的评估性能。特别是，具有LSTM和DDQN-EMPC的PPO-EMPC具有PER和LSTM的PPO-EMPC在闭环控制性能和事件触发频率之间获得了较高的平衡。关联的代码是开源的，可在以下网址提供：https：//github.com/dangfengying/rl基础基础 - event-triggered-mpc。

Due to labor shortage and rising labor cost for the apple industry, there is an urgent need for the development of robotic systems to efficiently and autonomously harvest apples. In this paper, we present a system overview and algorithm design of our recently developed robotic apple harvester prototype. Our robotic system is enabled by the close integration of several core modules, including visual perception, planning, and control. This paper covers the main methods and advancements in deep learning-based multi-view fruit detection and localization, unified picking and dropping planning, and dexterous manipulation control. Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed system, which achieved an average picking rate of 3.6 seconds per apple. This is a significant improvement over other reported apple harvesting robots with a picking rate in the range of 7-10 seconds per apple. The current prototype shows promising performance towards further development of efficient and automated apple harvesting technology. Finally, limitations of the current system and future work are discussed.

自动驾驶在过去二十年中吸引了重要的研究兴趣，因为它提供了许多潜在的好处，包括释放驾驶和减轻交通拥堵的司机等。尽管进展有前途，但车道变化仍然是自治车辆（AV）的巨大挑战，特别是在混合和动态的交通方案中。最近，强化学习（RL）是一种强大的数据驱动控制方法，已被广泛探索了在令人鼓舞的效果中的通道中的车道改变决策。然而，这些研究的大多数研究专注于单车展，并且在多个AVS与人类驱动车辆（HDV）共存的情况下，道路变化已经受到稀缺的关注。在本文中，我们在混合交通公路环境中制定了多个AVS的车道改变决策，作为多功能增强学习（Marl）问题，其中每个AV基于相邻AV的动作使车道变化的决定和HDV。具体地，使用新颖的本地奖励设计和参数共享方案开发了一种多代理优势演员批评网络（MA2C）。特别是，提出了一种多目标奖励功能来纳入燃油效率，驾驶舒适度和自主驾驶的安全性。综合实验结果，在三种不同的交通密度和各级人类司机侵略性下进行，表明我们所提出的Marl框架在效率，安全和驾驶员舒适方面始终如一地优于几个最先进的基准。

强化学习（RL）是一种强大的数据驱动控制方法，在很大程度上探讨了自动驾驶任务。然而，传统的RL方法通过与环境的试验和错误相互作用来学习控制策略，因此可能导致诸如在现实世界交通中测试时的灾难性后果。离线RL最近被揭示为有希望的框架，了解从先前收集的静态数据集的有效政策，而无需积极的交互，尤其吸引自动驾驶应用。尽管有希望，现有的离线RL算法，如批处理的深度Q-Learning（BCQ）通常导致相当保守的政策，具有有限的勘探效率。为了解决这些问题，本文通过在扰动模型中采用学习参数噪声方案来提高增强的BCQ算法来增加观察到的动作的分集。此外，还包含基于Lyapunov的安全增强策略，以限制安全区域内的可勘探状态空间。高速公路和停车交通方案的实验结果表明，我们的方法优于传统的RL方法，以及最先进的离线RL算法。

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown satisfying performance on various graph learning tasks. To achieve better fitting capability, most GNNs are with a large number of parameters, which makes these GNNs computationally expensive. Therefore, it is difficult to deploy them onto edge devices with scarce computational resources, e.g., mobile phones and wearable smart devices. Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a common solution to compress GNNs, where a light-weighted model (i.e., the student model) is encouraged to mimic the behavior of a computationally expensive GNN (i.e., the teacher GNN model). Nevertheless, most existing GNN-based KD methods lack fairness consideration. As a consequence, the student model usually inherits and even exaggerates the bias from the teacher GNN. To handle such a problem, we take initial steps towards fair knowledge distillation for GNNs. Specifically, we first formulate a novel problem of fair knowledge distillation for GNN-based teacher-student frameworks. Then we propose a principled framework named RELIANT to mitigate the bias exhibited by the student model. Notably, the design of RELIANT is decoupled from any specific teacher and student model structures, and thus can be easily adapted to various GNN-based KD frameworks. We perform extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets, which corroborates that RELIANT achieves less biased GNN knowledge distillation while maintaining high prediction utility.

This paper focuses on designing efficient models with low parameters and FLOPs for dense predictions. Even though CNN-based lightweight methods have achieved stunning results after years of research, trading-off model accuracy and constrained resources still need further improvements. This work rethinks the essential unity of efficient Inverted Residual Block in MobileNetv2 and effective Transformer in ViT, inductively abstracting a general concept of Meta-Mobile Block, and we argue that the specific instantiation is very important to model performance though sharing the same framework. Motivated by this phenomenon, we deduce a simple yet efficient modern \textbf{I}nverted \textbf{R}esidual \textbf{M}obile \textbf{B}lock (iRMB) for mobile applications, which absorbs CNN-like efficiency to model short-distance dependency and Transformer-like dynamic modeling capability to learn long-distance interactions. Furthermore, we design a ResNet-like 4-phase \textbf{E}fficient \textbf{MO}del (EMO) based only on a series of iRMBs for dense applications. Massive experiments on ImageNet-1K, COCO2017, and ADE20K benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our EMO over state-of-the-art methods, \eg, our EMO-1M/2M/5M achieve 71.5, 75.1, and 78.4 Top-1 that surpass \textbf{SoTA} CNN-/Transformer-based models, while trading-off the model accuracy and efficiency well.